A Cool Magnetized Shell Wrapped around the Hot H<scp>ii</scp>Region S106: Geometry, Kinematics, Magnetic Vectors, and Pressure Balance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the optical, the exciting star S106 IR resides in a conspicuous dust lane and it ionizes two bright, sharp gas lobes on both sides of the dust lane. Wrapped around this hot (10,000 K) ionized (H II) optical bipolar nebula (the two gas lobes), we see a cool shell in the millimeter-submillimeter radio. Outside the cool shell, there is an even colder (<22 K), large (20' = 4 pc), lower density molecular cloud. In this paper, we study the cool gas (spectroscopy in three lines), the cool dust (continuum imaging), and the magnetic field (polarimetry) in the shell, all made near a wavelength of 850 μm with the same angular resolution of 14'' using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). Near a radial velocity of -1 km s -1 , we used 12 CO, 13 CO, and C 18 O in the J = 3-2 lines to map the cool (32 K) gas in the shell peaks on both sides of the hot cavity walls, extending 2' (0.4 pc) in north-south length with a 100'' (0.3 pc) east-west diameter. Also, we used dust continuum emission and its linear polarization to map the cool shell. For the vertical cool shell, sandwiched between a hot region and a colder cloud, we find that the shell's combined pressure (made up mostly of turbulence and total magnetic field) can withstand the turbulent and thermal pressure of the hot ionized outflow, although the cool gas shell is slowly being eroded by the ionization process going on. The large-scale magnetic field appears roughly vertical along the roughly vertical gas shell. The magnetic field in the vertical shell (away from the central dust lane) has an estimated value near 400 μG. In the horizontal dust lane, the magnetic field appears roughly horizontal and parallel to the dust lane encompassing the IR and FIR components. Here the magnetic field derived from various methods has an estimated plane-of-sky median value near 570 μG, while the previously published Zeeman data indicated a line-of-sight strength near +240 μG.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".