The Hybrid Operculo-Insular Electrode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Precise localization of an epileptic focus in the perisylvian/insular area is a major challenge. The difficult access and the high density of blood vessels within the sylvian fissure have lead to poor coverage of intrasylvian (opercular and insular) cortex by available electrodes. OBJECTIVE: To report the creation of a novel electrode designed to record epileptic activity from both the insular cortex and the hidden surfaces of the opercula. METHODS: The hybrid operculo-insular electrode was fabricated by Ad-Tech Medical Instrument Corporation (Racine, Wisconsin). It was used in combination with regular subdural and depth electrodes for long-term intracranial recordings. The hybrid electrode, which contains both a depth and a strip (opercular) component, is inserted after microsurgical opening of the sylvian fissure. The depth component is implanted directly into the insular cortex. The opercular component has 1 or 2 double-sided recording contacts that face the hidden surfaces of the opercula. RESULTS: The hybrid operculo-insular electrode was used in 5 patients. This method of invasive investigation allowed including (2 patients) or excluding (3 patients) the insula as part of the epileptic focus and the surgical resection. It also allowed extending the epileptogenic zone to include the hidden surface of the frontal operculum in 1 patient. There were no complications related to the insertion of this new electrode. CONCLUSION: The new hybrid operculo-insular electrode can be used for intracranial investigation of perisylvian/insular refractory epilepsy. It can contribute to increasing cortical coverage of this complex region and may allow better definition of the epileptic focus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".