Hyperglycemia- and hyperinsulinemia-induced alteration of adiponectin receptor expression and adiponectin effects in L6 myoblasts
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adiponectin has been shown to regulate glucose and fatty acid uptake and metabolism in skeletal muscle. Here we investigated the role of the recently cloned adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) isoforms in mediating effects of both globular (gAd) and full-length (fAd) adiponectin, and their regulation by hyperglycemia (25 mM, 20 h) and hyperinsulinemia (100 nM, 20 h). We used L6 rat skeletal muscle cells, which were found to express both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA in a ratio of over 6:1 respectively. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia both decreased AdipoR1 receptor expression by approximately 50%, while the latter induced an increase of approximately threefold in AdipoR2 expression. The ability of gAd to increase GLUT4 myc translocation, glucose uptake, fatty acid uptake and oxidation, as well as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, was decreased by both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Interestingly, hyperinsulinemia induced the ability of fAd to elicit fatty acid uptake and enhanced fatty acid oxidation in response to fAd. In summary, our results suggest that both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia cause gAd resistance in rat skeletal muscle cells. However, hyperinsulinemia induces a switch toward increased fAd sensitivity in these cells.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it