Data-model comparison of the Younger Dryas event
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Younger Dryas cooling event is well established in the North Atlantic region through numerous climate proxy records. Although the climatological controls vary from site to site, it is considered to have taken place between about 10 000 and 11 000 BP (radiocarbon years) (~11 500-13 000 calendar years ago). Outside the North Atlantic region, climate proxy records and chronology commonly become problematic because of weaker signals and less dating control. In addition to this evidence, oceanic records reveal conflicting evidence for Younger Dryas forcing mechanisms and the timing of events. We compare proxy evidence with the results from an ocean general circulation model coupled to the energy-moisture balance atmospheric model. The model results reveal a global pattern and regional magnitude which generally agree with temperature changes interpreted from paleoclimate reconstructions. The model also supports the general duration of global cooling of the Younger Dryas. Although proxy data can be controversial outside of the North Atlantic region, the authors believe that there is enough evidence to support the Younger Dryas event on a global scale. They also recognize, however, that more concrete evidence is needed before the question can be unequivocally answered.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".