A reconfigurable 10–12b 0.4–44MS/s pipelined ADC with 0.35–0.5pJ/step in 1.2V 90nm digital CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This pipelined ADC is reconfigurable over sampling frequencies of 0.4-44 MS/s and resolutions of 10-12 bits, thus targeting multi-standard wireless terminals. Fabricated in 1.2-V 90-nm digital CMOS, it achieves a competitive FOM of 0.35-0.5 pJ/conversion step over its wide reconfigurability space. For power scalability, the ADC bandwidth and resolution are reconfigured using current-scaling and stage-bypass methods, respectively. The following techniques are also introduced to achieve this low-power performance for the ADC over its wide reconfigurability space, and to enable its implementation in low-voltage nanometer CMOS: 1) pseudo-cascode compensation for the low-power design of low-voltage current-scalable opamps; 2) design of switched-capacitor dynamic comparators with low input loading; 3) low-power digital background gain calibration to enable designing the ADC using low-gain/low-power opamps.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".