A reconfigurable 10–12b 0.4–44MS/s pipelined ADC with 0.35–0.5pJ/step in 1.2V 90nm digital CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This pipelined ADC is reconfigurable over sampling frequencies of 0.4-44 MS/s and resolutions of 10-12 bits, thus targeting multi-standard wireless terminals. Fabricated in 1.2-V 90-nm digital CMOS, it achieves a competitive FOM of 0.35-0.5 pJ/conversion step over its wide reconfigurability space. For power scalability, the ADC bandwidth and resolution are reconfigured using current-scaling and stage-bypass methods, respectively. The following techniques are also introduced to achieve this low-power performance for the ADC over its wide reconfigurability space, and to enable its implementation in low-voltage nanometer CMOS: 1) pseudo-cascode compensation for the low-power design of low-voltage current-scalable opamps; 2) design of switched-capacitor dynamic comparators with low input loading; 3) low-power digital background gain calibration to enable designing the ADC using low-gain/low-power opamps.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".