Vortices and Rossby waves in cylinder wakes on a parabolic β-plane observed by altimetric imaging velocimetry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intense vortices in the wake of a circular cylinder are investigated in a rotating parabolic (polar) β-plane fluid. This system has a background potential vorticity (PV) field that supports Rossby waves and causes vortices to migrate and radiate. A method for imaging rotating flows, which we call “altimetric imaging velocimetry” is employed. Optical color coding of slopes of the free-surface elevation field yields the pressure, geostrophic and gradient wind velocity, and potential vorticity fields with very high spatial resolution, limited largely by the pixel resolution of the available imaging sensors. Cylinder wakes on the polar β-plane exhibit strikingly different regimes as it is translated azimuthally, eastward or westward. Self-arrangement of vortices after the cylinder was stopped drives an intense eastward jet formed by the rows of anticyclones and cyclones on its flanks. In agreement with the idea of a PV staircase, this jet has a strong PV gradient at its center, while PV is homogenized by the vortices on either side. A slowly translating cylinder generates Rossby waves with phase propagation locked to the cylinder, and intermediate cases show a widespread vortex/wave interaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".