The Channel-forming Protein Proaerolysin Remains a Dimer at Low Concentrations in Solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Proaerolysin, the proform of the channel-forming protein aerolysin, is secreted as a dimer by Aeromonas sp. The protein also exists as a dimer in the crystal, as well as in solution, at least at concentrations in the region of 500 microg/ml. Recently it has been argued that proaerolysin becomes monomeric at concentrations below 100 microg/ml and that only the monomeric form of the protoxin can bind to cell surface receptors (Fivaz, M., Velluz, M.-C., and van der Goot, F. G. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 37705-37708). Here we show, using non-denaturing polyacrylamide electrophoresis, chemical cross-linking, and analytical ultracentrifugation, that proaerolysin remains dimeric at the lowest concentrations of the protein that we measured (less than 5 microg/ml) and that the dimeric protoxin is quite capable of receptor binding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".