Partitioning of Acidic Solutes between Water and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Effect of pH and Ionic Strength
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Partitioning of pentachlorophenol (PCP) between water and CO 2 was investigated to determine the effects of pH and ionic strength on the value of the distribution coefficient, K . Decreasing the pH or increasing the ionic strength increased the value of K . The distribution coefficient was larger than that predicted by considering the extent of hydrolysis of the solute in the aqueous phase. However, impedance measurements suggest that negligible concentrations of ions exist in the CO 2 phase. Together, these two facts suggest that the aqueous phase hydrolysis equilibrium is shifted toward unhydrolyzed solute as PCP partitions to CO 2 . The value of K was smaller than the ratio of solubilities of the solute in the two phases, likely due to the effect of solute composition on the solute activity coefficients in each phase. Partitioning isotherms are also reported for the solutes pentachlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at about 40 °C, between about 100 to 270 bar.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".