Superhard sp <sup>3</sup> carbon allotrope: Ab initio calculations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have systematically studied the structural, electronic and mechanical properties of a novel superhard sp 3 carbon allotrope ( Amm 2-carbon) based on the density functional theory (DFT). This carbon allotrope was identified using a developed methodology in the theoretical design of superhard materials based on the CALYPSO algorithm, and predicted to be more stable than graphite for pressures above 16.6 GPa. It is found to be dynamically stable and a semiconductor with an insulator with a direct band gap of approximately 4.18 eV. Moreover, the calculated elastic constants for Amm 2-carbon satisfy the stability condition. Calculations of bulk modulus and hardness indicate that this Amm 2-carbon is an ultra-incompressible and superhard material. Furthermore, we extensively investigated the stress-strain relations of Amm 2-carbon under various tensile and shear loading directions. The present results indicate Amm 2-carbon is a superhard material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".