Risk of giardiasis associated with water supply in an endemic context
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Consumption of untreated, inadequately treated or simply chlorinated water has been the source of a number of giardiasis epidemics. The aim of this study was to verify if water supply is associated with giardiasis in an endemic context. We conducted a case-control study that included 139 cases and 417 control subjects. To assess risk associated to water consumption, we calculated odds ratios (OR) using "source of water" and "presence and type of filtration" as criteria. A logistic regression model was used to control other risk factors. In children aged 1 - 13, the only significant risk factor was the consumption of at-risk tap water (i.e., filtered or unfiltered surface water or unfiltered shallow well water; OR = 6.13). In people aged 14 - 64, the consumption of this water was not a risk factor for the disease. The divergence in results between age groups could be explained by acquired immunity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".