Visual Abilities at 6 Months in Preterm Infants: Impact of Thyroid Hormone Deficiency and Neonatal Medical Morbidity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Preterm infants are at risk for neonatal morbidity, transiently reduced thyroid hormone (TH) levels, and impaired visual abilities. To determine the interrelationship between these factors, we measured TH levels in the period ex utero and compared their visual abilities with those of term infants at 6 months (corrected) of age. METHODS: The preterm group consisted of 62 infants stratified by gestational age: Group A (23-26 weeks, n = 10), Group B (27-29 weeks, n = 23), Group C (30-32 weeks, n = 19), and Group D (33-35 weeks, n = 10). Controls were 31 healthy full-term infants. In the preterm group, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were measured at 2 and 4 weeks of life and 40 weeks postconceptional age. All infants were assessed for visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and color vision using electrophysiological techniques. RESULTS: Compared with controls, the preterm infants demonstrated reduced contrast sensitivity at low temporal frequencies and slower blue-yellow color processing. Groups did not differ from controls in visual acuity. In the preterm group, reduced contrast sensitivity and slow blue-yellow and red-green color vision processing were associated with low TH levels, low gestational age, and several medical morbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings signify that some of the weak visual abilities in preterm infants can be accounted for, in part, by their reduced TH levels in the early postnatal period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".