The extent of ice on the continental shelf off Hudson Strait during Heinrich events 1-3
Bibliographic record
Abstract
North Atlantic Heinrich events, which dispersed widespread sediment plumes and icebergs, originated principally from Hudson Strait ice streams of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The dynamics and extent of these ice streams across the wide continental shelf seaward of Hudson Strait are not well understood. High-resolution airgun seismic reflection profiles from the outer shelf and slope show an acoustically incoherent, prograded unit at least 30 m thick. This unit has been sampled by piston cores and corresponds to a carbonate-rich diamicton unit interpreted as a glacigenic debris flow, locally overlain by carbonate-rich mud turbidites, dated as corresponding to Heinrich event 3 (H3). Younger glacigenic debris flow deposits are lacking. These data are compared with the seismic-stratigraphic record on the continental shelf, where a regional erosion surface at 10–200 m depth below the sea floor truncates Tertiary strata and is overlain by a 50 m thick diamicton (?subglacial till) sheet and is correlated with the H3 glacigenic debris flows. Above this unit, at least two distinct diamicton sheets terminate on the inner continental shelf. These data imply that grounded Laurentide ice crossed the continental shelf during H3, delivering large amounts of diamicton to the continental slope, but during the younger Heinrich events H1 and H2, no detectable record of diamicton was left on the outer shelf or slope. These findings account for observed differences between H3 and younger Heinrich events in the Labrador Sea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".