Bibliographic record
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycophosphoprotein cytokine that has multiple functions. OPN is expressed and secreted by various cells, and has a role in cell adhesion, chemotaxis, prevention of apoptosis, invasion, migration and anchorage-independent growth of tumor cells. Extensive research has demonstrated the pivotal participation of OPN in the regulation of cell signaling which controls neoplastic and malignant transformation. The elevated expression of OPN has been observed in a variety of cancers. OPN has been linked with tumor metastasis and signifies a poor prognosis for the patient. This review details the mechanisms by which OPN facilitates these pathological events. It will also show that gaining an understanding of the mechanism of OPN's action at a cellular level has led to the development of a number of therapeutic strategies against the cytokine. These include inhibiting its expression, antagonizing cell surface receptor activation and blocking downstream cell signaling pathways. In addition to the potential of these therapies, serum levels of OPN could be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. The authors propose that with further research and development, osteopontin directed treatment could greatly enhance outcomes for cancer patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".