Pre‐release risk assessment of the egg‐parasitoid <i><scp>G</scp>ryon pennsylvanicum</i> for classical biological control of <i><scp>L</scp>eptoglossus occidentalis</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Leptoglossus occidentalis H eidemann ( H eteroptera: C oreidae) is a N orth A merican conifer seed pest that was accidentally introduced to E urope. In the M editerranean area, it threatens the production of P inus pinea L innaeus seeds. The egg‐parasitoid G ryon pennsylvanicum ( A shmead) ( H ymenoptera: P latygastridae), the main natural enemy in the native range of L . occidentalis , was imported from B ritish C olumbia to I taly. Pre‐release risk assessments were made under quarantine conditions by no‐choice tests conducted with naïve and experienced G . pennsylvanicum offering single eggs of target and non‐target species for varying exposure times (1, 4, 48 h). G . pennsylvanicum successfully parasitized from 75% to 100% of the target host eggs. Only one female specimen of the egg‐parasitoid emerged from a non‐target egg ( G onocerus juniperi H errich‐ S chaeffer, H eteroptera: C oreidae). Two dead female specimens were found, one inside an egg of C oreus marginatus ( L innaeus) ( H eteroptera: C oreidae) and one in an egg of C amptopus lateralis ( G ermar) ( H eteroptera: A lydidae). All three cases occurred at the longest oviposition exposure time. Results obtained with this conservative approach suggest that the risk to non‐target species of releasing G . pennsylvanicum in Italy is low.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".