Interleukin 13: A Growth Factor in Hodgkin Lymphoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a malignant disorder of lymph nodes with distinctive clinical and pathologic features. These features are thought to be primarily due to the abnormal production of multiple cytokines by the malignant cell population of HL, the Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells. We have previously demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-13 expression is a common feature of HL and have studied its role as an autocrine growth factor for RS cells. IL-13 and IL-13R(alpha)1, the IL-13-specific receptor chain, are frequently expressed by HL-derived cell lines and by RS cells from biopsy material of tissues involved by HL. Neutralization of IL-13 in cultures of the HL-derived cell lines HDLM-2 and L-1236 leads to a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation, and is associated with increased apoptosis in L-1236 cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 is an important mediator of IL-13 signaling. STAT6 is constitutively activated in HL cell lines due to autocrine secretion of IL-13. STAT6 is also phosphorylated (P-STAT6) in RS cells from many primary HL samples, supporting the hypothesis that IL-13 signaling occurs in these malignant cells in vivo. Coexpression of IL-13, IL-13R(alpha)1 and P-STAT6 is uncommon in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Following a description of the clinical and pathologic features of HL, this review will discuss the function of IL-13 as an autocrine growth factor for RS cells in HL and its potential role in mediating other features of this disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".