Successful Hydrajet Acid Squeeze and Multifracture Acid Treatments in Horizontal Open Holes Using Dynamic Diversion Process and Downhole Mixing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Effective stimulation of wells with long, openhole horizontal completions is generally considered a difficult task, especially in low-permeability carbonate reservoirs that require deep penetration with live acid. Because the creation of multiple effective fractures, the opening (etching) of existing fractures, or the creation of extensive wormholes is generally desired, this task becomes even more difficult, time-consuming, and expensive if conventional acidizing processes are used. If the live acid is not channeled properly, it will be spent rapidly at unwanted locations, often greatly enlarging the fluid-entry point. Under such circumstances, creating etched fractures or wormholes of any significant lengths can be nearly impossible. A relatively new hydrajet fracturing process can be used to solve this problem. This process can be used in two ways: (1) dynamic fluid energy is used to divert flow into a specific fracture entry point to initiate a fracture at the intended location with live acid directed into this fracture plane, (2) high-pressure downhole mixing is used to create foam for high-intensity acid squeezes. This technique typically uses two independent fluid streams, one in the treating string and another in the annulus. The two fluids (if dissimilar) are mixed downhole at a tremendously high energy to form a homogenous mixture. This paper discusses and compares the results of conventional acid treatments with various styles of hydrajet fracture-acidizing treatments performed in several openhole horizontal wells within two different areas of the same formation. The novel use of the downhole mixing feature is also discussed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".