The pathological basis of temporal lobe epilepsy in childhood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the pathologic findings of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in children undergoing temporal lobectomy for refractory seizures and to correlate these findings with clinical presentation. METHODS: The authors reviewed the charts of all children who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy for refractory TLE from 1979 through 1999. A new neuropathologic analysis was performed blinded to clinical features and outcome. RESULTS: Twenty-two children met inclusion criteria. Mean age at onset of epilepsy was 3 years, 7 months (range 1 month to 10 years). Mean age at surgery was 10 years, 11 months (range 1 to 18 years). All patients had complex partial seizures, 48% with secondary generalization. Most had daily seizures. Auras were reported in 45% of patients. Post-resection follow-up averaged 5 years, 2 months (range 2 to 19 years). Seizure-free status was achieved in 41% of patients, and 14% had residual auras only. The most frequent neuropathologic abnormalities were cortical dysplasia (CD) of the temporal neocortex (14 of 22) and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) (12 of the 15 children with available hippocampal tissue). These two findings coexisted in seven children. MTS was associated with extra-hippocampal pathology in 8 of 12 (67%) of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: MTS occurs frequently in association with CD in this population of children. The high incidence of dual pathology could explain the early age of seizure onset and high seizure frequency rate observed. TLE in childhood may constitute a different entity than in adults, from both the clinical and neuropathologic perspectives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".