Heat and mass transfer in granular potash fertilizer with a surface dissolution reaction
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Potash is a widely used granular fertilizer and when exposed to high humidities it readily adsorbs water vapour forming a liquid electrolyte solution on each particle. Heat and mass transfer due to air flow through granular potash beds is studied experimentally and numerically. A one dimensional experimental setup is used to measure the temperature and air humidity response and mass gain of a potash bed subjected to a change in air flow. A porous media mathematical model is developed to predict the transient temperature and moisture content distributions. The processes are modelled as nonequilibrium heat and mass transfers between the porous solid and air flow gaseous phases. The state of the surface electrolyte solution is modelled by the thermodynamics of electrolyte solutions. Experimental and numerical results show non‐equilibrium internal moisture and heat transfer processes exist with significant differences in the pore air and particle temperature and surface relative humidity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it