Sex and hormonal influences on the nicotine-induced attenuation of isoprenaline vasodilations in the perfused rat kidney
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We previously reported that nicotine impairs betta-adrenoceptor-mediated renovascular control in male rats. Here, we investigated the roles of sex and estrogen in nicotine-betta-adrenoceptor renal interaction. The effect of nicotine on renal vasodilations caused by isoprenaline was evaluated in phenylephrine-preconstricted perfused kidneys of male and proestrus female rats in absence and presence of NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA, a NOS inhibitor). The interaction was also studied in diestrus and ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with or without estradiol, tamoxifen, or l-arginine. Bolus isoprenaline (0.03-8.0 micromol) elicited dose-dependent renal vasodilations; female preparations were more sensitive (smaller ED50) to isoprenaline-induced vasodilation than were male preparations. Infusion of nicotine (500 micromol/L) reduced isoprenaline vasodilations in the 2 sexes and abolished male-female differences in isoprenaline responses. l-NNA reduced isoprenaline vasodilations in proestrus but not in male preparations. Also, in the presence of l-NNA, nicotine caused no attenuation of isoprenaline vasodilations in proestrus preparations. Renal responses to isoprenaline together with the attenuation of these responses by nicotine were reduced by OVX and restored to near-proestrus levels after supplementation with estradiol, the estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen, or l-arginine. In diestrus rats, which exhibited reduced plasma estradiol, nicotine caused less attenuation of isoprenaline vasodilations. We conclude that impairment of estrogen-NOS signaling constitutes a possible cellular mechanism for the detrimental effect of nicotine on isoprenaline vasodilations in female rats. The mechanism of the nicotine-induced attenuation of isoprenaline vasodilation in male kidneys, which is NOS-independent, remains to be elucidated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".