The effect of hydrogen nanobubbles on the morphology of gold–gelatin bionanocomposite films and their optical properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gold-gelatin bionanocomposite films are prepared by the reduction of gold ions by sodium borohydride in an aqueous solution. It is shown that both the solution and the films on glass substrates contain entrapped hydrogen micro- and nanobubbles with diameters in the range of 200 nm-3 μm. The optical properties of gold nanoparticles in the presence of gelatin and hydrogen nanobubbles are measured and simulated by using the discrete dipole approximation method. The composite films having micro- and nanobubble inclusions have been found to be very stable. The calculated localized surface plasmon resonance band is found in agreement with the experimental band position only when the presence of hydrogen bubbles around the gold nanoparticles is taken into account. The different morphological features engendered by the presence of the bubbles in the film (gelatin receptacles for the nanoparticles, gelatin hemispheres raised by the bubbles under the surface, cavities on the surface of the film, etc) are described in detail and considered for potential applications. This work is highly relevant to the new and exciting topic of nanobubbles on surfaces and interfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".