Plasticity, life cycle and interference potential of field violet (<i>Viola arvensis</i> Murr.) in direct-seeded wheat and canola in central Alberta
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Field violet is an established weed of field crops in Europe and eastern North America. It has recently been identified in field crops of central Alberta. Natural infestations of field violet in direct-seeded wheat and canola in central Alberta were observed in 2002 and 2003. Field violet exhibited summer annual, winter annual and short-lived perennial life cycles. Plants emerged in variable flushes, with peaks in early-June and September. Very few annuals produced seed during the season if they emerged after June, but some (< 45%) of these plants successfully overwintered. Summer annuals began dispersing mature seed 7 wk after emergence, but were also capable of persisting in a quiescent state for extended periods (up to 19 wk). Wheat and canola yield loss attributable to field violet was minimal. We compared domestic and European field violet accessions to determine if the study population represented a unique agroecotype. Plants from both cohorts grown in the greenhouse were near-identical, suggesting that differences resulted from phenotypic plasticity, rather than genetic divergence. Field violet appears to be well adapted to growing conditions and farming practices in Alberta, but is a poor competitor and is unlikely to cause serious crop production losses. Key words: Environmentally regulated plasticity, field violet, Viola arvensis, weed emergence, weed phenology
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it