Bodily crisis and religious conviction: Implications of Kiyozawa Manshi's illness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kiyozawa Manshi (1863-1903) is well-known as a Japanese reformer of modern Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism. Kiyozawa's articles and diaries express an evolving religious conviction that emerged both within the context of Meiji Japan and as a result of life-threatening illness. Before he became bedridden with tuberculosis, Kiyozawa's religious orientation exemplified reliance on self-power, jiriki, and the preeminence of reason. Severe physical illness with its attendant limitations led Kiyozawa to repudiate his belief in both the viability and efficacy of jiriki, resulting in a reorientation of his religious conviction to a pronounced emphasis on faith as expressed by absolute trust in other-power, tariki. This case study of crisis and conversion in the life of Kiyozawa Manshi suggests interdependent and transformational connections between bodily illness and religious conviction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".