Catalytic Decomposition of Biomass Tars with Dolomites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Catalytic gasification of wood biomass was carried out using a double-bed microreactor in a two-stage process. Temperature-programmed steam gasification of biomass was performed in the first bed at 200−850 °C. Following in series was isothermal catalytic decomposition and gasification of volatile compounds (including tars) in the second bed containing various dolomites. Dolomites from Canada, Australia, and Japan were examined for their effects on tar conversion and the overall gaseous product. A total of 74% of biomass carbon was emitted as volatile matter during tar gasification (200−500 °C biomass bed temperature). Dolomites improved tar conversion to gaseous products by an average of 21% over noncatalytic results at a 750 °C isothermal catalyst bed temperature using 1.6 cm 3 dolomite/g of biomass. The iron content in dolomite was found to promote tar conversion and the water−gas shift reaction, but the effectiveness reached a plateau at 0.9 wt % Fe in Canadian dolomites. The maximum tar conversion of 66% was achieved at 750 °C using a Canadian dolomite with 0.9 wt % Fe (1.6 cm 3 /g of biomass). Carbon conversion to gaseous products increased to 97% using 3.2 cm 3 dolomite/g of biomass at the same temperature. The dolomite seemed stable after 15 h of cyclic use at 800 °C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".