Intrusive gravity currents from finite-length locks in a uniformly stratified fluid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gravity currents intruding into a uniformly stratified ambient are examined in a series of finite-volume full-depth lock-release laboratory experiments and in numerical simulations. Previous studies have focused on gravity currents which are denser than fluid at the bottom of the ambient or on symmetric cases in which the intrusion is the average of the ambient density. Here, we vary the density of the intrusion between these two extremes. After an initial adjustment, the intrusions and the internal waves they generate travel at a constant speed. For small departures from symmetry, the intrusion speed depends weakly upon density relative to the ambient fluid density. However, the internal wave speed approximately doubles as the waves change from having a mode-2 structure when generated by symmetric intrusions to having a mode-1 structure when generated by intrusions propagating near the bottom. In the latter circumstance, the interactions between the intrusion and internal waves reflected from the lock-end of the tank are sufficiently strong and so the intrusion stops propagating before reaching the end of the tank. These observations are corroborated by the analysis of two-dimensional numerical simulations of the experimental conditions. These reveal a significant transfer of available potential energy to the ambient in asymmetric circumstances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".