Gas‐liquid displacement method for estimating membrane pore‐size distributions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A gas‐liquid displacement method is investigated for characterizing pore‐size distributions of microfiltration (MF) membranes. The complexities of using gas as displacing fluid are analyzed in terms of the gas transport regimes involved, showing that slip flow features gas transport in MF membranes, and Knudsen diffusion can be effectively suppressed by an appropriate selection of the pore‐filling liquid. A universal mathematical model for evaluating pore‐size distributions is developed based on the fundamental equation governing slip flow. An approximate model is also presented where only the Hagen‐Poiseuille regime is considered. The pore‐size distributions of two MF membranes are evaluated using the universal and the approximate models, respectively. It is found that the approximate model overestimates the probability of the larger pore (relative to the peak pore) and underestimates the probability of the smaller pore. It is recommended that the universal model be used if no priori analyses on gas transport regimes is carried out. 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50:557–565, 2004)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".