Gas‐liquid displacement method for estimating membrane pore‐size distributions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A gas‐liquid displacement method is investigated for characterizing pore‐size distributions of microfiltration (MF) membranes. The complexities of using gas as displacing fluid are analyzed in terms of the gas transport regimes involved, showing that slip flow features gas transport in MF membranes, and Knudsen diffusion can be effectively suppressed by an appropriate selection of the pore‐filling liquid. A universal mathematical model for evaluating pore‐size distributions is developed based on the fundamental equation governing slip flow. An approximate model is also presented where only the Hagen‐Poiseuille regime is considered. The pore‐size distributions of two MF membranes are evaluated using the universal and the approximate models, respectively. It is found that the approximate model overestimates the probability of the larger pore (relative to the peak pore) and underestimates the probability of the smaller pore. It is recommended that the universal model be used if no priori analyses on gas transport regimes is carried out. 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50:557–565, 2004)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".