Formation of Ultrafine Grained Low Carbon Steels via Martensite Deformation and Annealing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, there has been a large interest in the development of low carbon steels with ultra fine grain structure using lean chemistries. Although these steels typically have superior strength, the lack of work hardening capability limits the uniform elongation and thus the formability of these kinds of steels. It has been reported by Tsuji and co-workers (2002) that straining of martensite as an initial structure can yield an ultra fine grain structure with good combination of strength and ductility. However, the detailed mechanism of the grain refinement has not yet been clarified. In the present work, the annealing behavior of a low carbon martensitic structure with and without deformation at room temperature has been systematically studied. It is proposed that the process of concurrent softening due to recovery and recrystallization and precipitation of carbides is different for the deformed and undeformed materials. Further, preliminary results have been found on the role of substitutional alloying elements such as Mo or Cr on the kinetics of the softening processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".