Retinal haemorrhage description tool
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Retinal haemorrhages are an important finding in children with abusive and accidental head trauma. There are no standardised and validated protocols to describe them in a consistent manner. The aim of this web-based study was to establish the reliability and validity of a new retinal haemorrhage description tool. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Our tool is a comprehensive questionnaire, which is applied using a retinal schematic that divides the retina into four independent zones. Four independent observers scored retinal haemorrhages from 80 retinal photographs. Inter- and intra-rater agreement (by repeat assessment of 10 photographs for each examiner) were calculated using Fleiss κ statistics. RESULTS: A high inter-rater agreement was noted for haemorrhages in the peripapillary zones, whereas agreement was only fair for all other zones. Intra-rater agreement was high only for the posterior pole. Photographs may be an unreliable way of documenting retinal haemorrhages particularly from the peripheral retina, thus underscoring the importance of a thorough clinical examination. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the tool achieves some validity for describing haemorrhages in the posterior retina. It performs less well in the peripheral zones.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".