Acoustic monitoring of killer whale populations off the west coast of Vancouver Island.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Killer whales inhabiting the waters of British Columbia and Washington are at risk. The occurrence of these animals has been extensively monitored in protected inshore waters off the east coast of Vancouver Island and Puget Sound, but there has been very little visual effort off Southwestern Vancouver Island and Washington. The objective of this study is to use acoustic techniques to determine the seasonal use of that area by different lineages of killer whales. Other questions include whether the current critical habitat needs to be expanded, or if there is any habitat sharing between different populations. Long-term acoustic data were obtained from passive acoustic devices including high frequency acoustic recording packages at three different sites. The recordings were analyzed using long term spectral averages, a tool that allows efficient analysis of large data sets in shorter periods of time. California-type transient calls were heard throughout the year, Southern Residents were detected from February through June, and Northern Residents were found from July through September. These results show a considerable overlap in habitat range between Southern and Northern Residents, as the latter use the southern parts of their range more frequently than previously thought.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".