Reduction of clinkerisation temperature by addition of salts containing fluorine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of some salts containing fluorine (CaF2, NaF, and KF) on the reduction of burning temperature of Portland clinker from three Algerian cement factories (units of Zahana, Beni-Saf, Chlef) has been studied in this paper. X-Ray fluorescence, optical microscope technique, and powder X-ray diffraction were then used to characterize each clinker and its raw mixture in terms of chemical composition and clinker mineralogical composition. The effects of these mineralizers on structural and morphological properties of clinker minerals and on the presence of alite were investigated by scanning electron microscopy combined with microprobe analysis. Physical and mechanical properties (density, specific area, setting time, hydration heat, expansion, and mechanical strength) of some samples were studied. The results show that the presence of the mineralizers under study induced a decrease of the burning temperature. For example, NaF improved the crystallization of clinker minerals with high alite rate. These characteristics explain the improvement of physical and strength properties of the new clinkers.Key words: clinker, alite, structure, hydraulic activity, clinkerisation temperature, mineralizer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".