Comparative statistical analysis of storm time activations and sawtooth events
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Statistical properties of storm time magnetospheric activity are examined using superposed epoch analysis. We show that about half of storm time auroral electrojet activations have signatures that are typical of nonstorm substorms, including geostationary orbit injections and magnetic field dipolarizations. Analysis of a separate data set of sawtooth events shows that they have auroral and inner magnetosphere characteristics that are quite similar to those found generally during storm time activity. Hence it is concluded that the sawtooth events do not represent a specific class of magnetospheric activity. Examination of the solar wind and IMF properties showed that about 30% of storm time substorm‐like activations and about 20% of the sawtooth oscillations have associated solar wind or IMF triggers and that triggering is more likely during high solar wind pressure and fluctuating IMF. The solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling efficiency is shown to be independent of the solar wind Mach number or level of IMF fluctuations but dependent on the level of driving; when E Y is small, the ionospheric dissipation, ring current intensification, and geostationary field stretching are relatively larger than when the driving E Y is large.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".