Dual-Band Volterra Series Digital Pre-Distortion for Envelope Tracking Power Amplifiers
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter presents a new dual band Volterra-based model suitable for the linearization of envelope tracking (ET) power amplifiers (PAs) driven concurrently with two widely spaced modulated signals. The model has two modules: a dual-band baseband equivalent Volterra series to compensate for the dynamic nonlinear distortions associated with the PA (assuming a constant drain supply voltage) and a polynomial term added to mitigate the distortions introduced by a dynamic drain supply modulation. The proposed model was successfully applied to linearize a 10 W and a 45 W dual band ET PA concurrently driven with different arrangements of two signals modulated according to wideband code division multiple access and long-term evolution standards around 2.0 and 2.2 GHz, and 2.1 and 2.9 GHz. A measured error vector magnitude of 1.5% and an adjacent channel power ratio better than -47 dBc, demonstrated the excellent linearization capacity of the proposed dual-band ET Volterra digital pre-distortion scheme.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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