Use of “unidentified bright objects” on MRI for diagnosis of neurofibromatosis 1 in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: "Unidentified bright objects" (UBOs) have been observed as areas of increased T2-weighted signal intensity on MRI in 43% to 93% of children with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). Because of this high frequency and the fact that the NIH diagnostic criteria often do not permit diagnosis of NF1 in early childhood, UBOs have been proposed as an additional diagnostic criterion. METHODS: The authors examined the sensitivity and specificity of UBOs for NF1 in 19 affected children and 19 age-matched controls. Eleven of the control patients had CNS pathology that might be classified as UBOs on MRI scan. The authors measured the agreement in recognition of UBOs between two pediatric neuroradiologists who independently examined the MRI studies of these patients. They also assessed the effect of adding UBOs to the NIH diagnostic criteria on ability to diagnose NF1 in young patients. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of UBOs for NF1 averaged 97% and 79%, respectively. Agreement between the two radiologists was 84% overall, but varied greatly from one brain region to another. Adding UBOs as a diagnostic criterion permitted the diagnosis of 30% of young patients with NF1 mutations who do not meet the existing NIH diagnostic criteria for NF1. The value of including UBOs is less in older patients because a larger proportion of them meet the existing diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS: UBOs are difficult to identify with certainty and occur in children with suspected CNS disorders who do not have NF1, but they tend to occur in different brain regions. UBOs may be more useful for diagnosis of NF1 in young children if they can be defined precisely and if only the cerebellum, brainstem, and basal ganglia are considered.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".