CD56bright cells increase expression of α4 integrin at ovulation in fertile cycles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leukocyte content of human endometrium changes rapidly after ovulation, particularly as a result of gains in CD56(bright) uterine NK (uNK) cells. We have proposed that uNK precursor cells are found within the blood CD56(bright) pool and are recruited to decidualizing endometrium through functional changes in their adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors. This study sought to quantify alterations in adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines, and receptors induced in circulating CD56(+) cells of fertile and infertile women by ovulation. Blood was drawn from 12 fertile volunteers and six female-infertility patients at Menstrual Cycle Day (d) 5 and on the day following the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH). CD56(bright), CD56(dim), and CD56(+)CD3(+) cell subsets were isolated and evaluated by flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, or Western blotting. In CD56(bright) cells from fertile but not infertile women, alpha(4) integrin increased between d5 and the preovulatory LH surge. CD56(dim) and NKT cells did not show a change in alpha(4) integrin but differed significantly between fertile and infertile donors, and infertile donors had reduced homing molecule expression in CD56(dim) and NKT cells, and at ovulation, their NKT cells showed elevated cytokine production. None of the circulating CD56(+) cell subsets had transcripts for receptors for estrogen, progesterone, LH, or prolactin. Thus, immunological events associated with the LH surge induce alterations in all subsets of CD56(+) cells, and the unique induction of alpha(4) integrin in CD56(bright) cells of fertile women constitutes a potential method to promote uterine homing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".