Distributed generation grid connection experiences minimizing high voltage equipments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since 2007, farm-based biogas utilizing small synchronous generation has emerged in Ontario. Initial attempts at grid connection revealed several costly barriers. First, a requirement for proponents to pay for consequential upgrades to distribution infrastructure was mitigated through an amendment to the Ontario Distribution Code. Second, a requirement for transfer-trip to protect against feeder islanding was removed through the evolution of a low-cost alternative involving passive protections. Third, high-voltage equipments, contained in the standard grid connection designs, were considered disproportionately expensive. To minimize the use of such equipments: For connections to three-wire feeders, fast imbalance protection was employed to avoid using high-voltage potential transformers; For connections to feeders employing single-phase reclosers, the effective grounding requirement was relaxed, enabling high-voltage equipments associated with wye-delta transformation to be avoided; For connections to feeders with ganged three-phase reclosers, high-voltage equipments were avoided through utilizing a low-voltage wye-delta transformer for grounding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".