Modulatory mechanisms of enterocyte apoptosis by viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Enterocyte turnover along with proper epithelial barrier function are crucial aspects of mucosal defense. Apoptosis is a highly regulated type of programmed cell death that allows for the homeostatic turnover of the epithelial layer. Recent studies have suggested that microbial modulation of enterocyte apoptosis can result in increased epithelial permeability, leading to gastrointestinal pathophysiology. In this review, we highlight key mechanisms and pathways via which various viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens are able to modulate enterocyte apoptosis. We also discuss how these alterations to enterocyte apoptosis can result in the activation of chronic gastrointestinal disorders, such as allergies, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The role of proteinase-activated receptors in the pathogenesis of modulated apoptosis-induced pathogenesis is also discussed. Newly discovered processes, through which host epithelial cells may have evolved, rescue mechanisms from microbe-induced apoptosis are discussed. Together, these mechanisms are key to our ever-increasing understanding of host-microbe interactions in the gut.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".