Impact of improved near‐infrared water vapor line data in simulations with the ECHAM4 general circulation model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, two new water vapor line absorption data sets have become available. First, the HITRAN 2000 data set provides updated information on several water vapor absorption lines in the near infrared. Second, an independent study initiated by the European Space Agency (ESA) created a new line data set for the spectral range between 8592 and 20000 cm−1. We investigate the impact of these new data in the near infrared as compared to HITRAN‐92 on the absorption of solar radiation in the ECHAM4 general circulation model. Owing to the increased water vapor absorption in the new parameterizations, the global annual mean atmospheric absorption of solar radiation in ECHAM4 is increased under all skies between 3.2 and 3.7 W m−2 and between 5.0 and 5.7 W m−2 under clear skies for the different data sets. While the dynamics barely change, the hydrological cycle is slightly weaker, the cloud cover has decreased by 0.4% and the precipitation by 0.06 to 0.08 mm d−1 when the new data sets are used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".