Study of the Reactivity of Na/Hard Carbon with Different Solvents and Electrolytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The reactivity of sodium inserted hard carbon with ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), EC:DEC, EC:DMC and NaPF6 EC:DEC (/DMC) electrolytes was studied by Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC), and the products after the ARC experiments were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The results show that sodium inserted hard carbon reacts with DMC to form sodium methyl carbonate, and that it reacts with EC and DEC to form sodium alkyl carbonates which apparently have a similar structure to sodium methyl carbonate. Sodium inserted hard carbon is more reactive with DMC and DEC than with EC. Finally, Na inserted hard carbon is more reactive in NaPF6 EC:DEC and NaPF6 EC:DMC than in EC:DEC and EC:DMC due to the high thermal stability of NaPF6 and preferential solvation of NaPF6 by EC, which leaves DEC and DMC available for reaction. The reactivity of Li inserted hard carbon was also compared to the reactivity of Na inserted hard carbon in both solvent and electrolyte and it was found that Li inserted hard carbon shows much better thermal stability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".