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Record W2013480876 · doi:10.1080/07055900.2011.626757

Characterization and Summary of the 1999–2005 Canadian Prairie Drought

2011· article· en· W2013480876 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueATMOSPHERE-OCEAN · 2011
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicHydrology and Drought Analysis
Canadian institutionsMemorial University of NewfoundlandSaskatchewan Research Council (Canada)OuranosQueen's UniversityUniversity of LethbridgeUniversity of SaskatchewanNatural Resources CanadaAlberta Environment and Protected AreasEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaUniversity of British ColumbiaMcGill UniversityUniversity of Manitoba
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGeographyForestry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Droughts are among the world's most costly natural disasters and collectively affect more people than any other form of natural disaster. The Canadian Prairies are very susceptible to drought and have experienced this phenomenon many times. However, the recent 1999–2005 Prairie drought was one of the worst meteorological, agricultural and hydrologic droughts over the instrumental record. It also had major socio-economic consequences, adding up to losses in the billions of dollars. This recent drought was the focus of the Drought Research Initiative (DRI), the first integrated network focusing on drought in Canada. This article addresses some of the key objectives of DRI by providing a collective summary, understanding and synthesis of the 1999–2005 drought. Bringing together the many datasets used in this study was in itself a major accomplishment. This drought exhibited many important, and sometimes surprising, features. This includes, for example, (1) a non-steady large-scale atmospheric circulation (and sea surface temperature) pattern that mainly resulted in subsidence over the region but also cold and warm periods in its evolution; such features have typically not occurred in previous droughts; (2) large spatial gradients between wet and dry areas that, in some instances, were linked with major precipitation events; and (3) many impacts at and below the earth's surface that occurred with varying temporal lags from the meteorological conditions and, in response, these impacts would have fed back onto the character of the drought (e.g., the surface-convection feedback). The drought's complexity poses enormous challenges for its simulation and prediction at all temporal scales. High-resolution models coupled with the surface are needed to address these and many other issues identified in this article. R ésumé [Traduit par la rédaction] Les sécheresses sont parmi les catastrophes naturelles les plus coûteuses et, collectivement, affectent plus de gens que toute autre forme de catastrophe naturelle. Les Prairies canadiennes sont très vulnérables aux sécheresses et ont souvent subi ce phénomène. Toutefois, la récente sécheresse de 1999–2005 dans les Prairies a été l'une des pires sécheresses météorologiques, agricoles et hydrologiques enregistrées depuis que l'on effectue des relevés. Elle a aussi eu d'importantes conséquences socio-économiques, les dommages se chiffrant en milliards de dollars. C'est à cette sécheresse récente que s'est intéressé le Réseau de recherche sur la sécheresse (DRI), le premier réseau intégré consacré à la sécheresse au Canada. Le présent article traite de certains des objectifs clés du DRI en fournissant un résumé général, une compréhension et une synthèse de la sécheresse de 1999–2005. Le seul fait de rassembler les nombreux ensembles de données utilisés dans cette étude était en soi un accomplissement remarquable. Cette sécheresse présentait plusieurs caractéristiques importantes et quelquefois surprenantes. Parmi celles-ci : (1) une configuration de circulation atmosphérique transitoire à grande échelle (et de température de la surface de la mer) qui a généralement causé de la subsidence dans la région mais aussi des périodes de froid et de chaleur au cours de son évolution; ces caractéristiques ne se sont généralement pas produites lors des sécheresses précédentes; (2) de forts gradients spatiaux entre les zones humides et sèches qui, dans certains cas, étaient liés à des événements de précipitations extrêmes; et (3) plusieurs conséquences à la surface et sous la surface de la terre qui se sont produites avec des retards variables par rapport aux conditions météorologiques et qui auraient à leur tour rétroagi sur le caractère de la sécheresse (par exemple, rétroaction de convection de surface). La complexité de la sécheresse pose des défis énormes pour sa simulation et sa prévision à toutes les échelles temporelles. Des modèles à haute résolution couplés avec la surface sont nécessaires pour traiter ces questions et plusieurs autres mentionnées dans cet article.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.136
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.187
Teacher spread0.179 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it