Vibrational and configurational parts of the specific heat at glass formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The specific heat ${C}_{p}$ of a liquid is partly vibrational, arising from change in phonons and anharmonic forces with temperature $T$, and partly configurational, arising from change in the structure with $T$. The first determines a liquid's elastic resistance to stress or rigidity and the second its fluid behavior. Both are thought to decrease on liquid's vitrification, and their ad hoc estimates are currently used for understanding a supercooled liquid's dynamics. We report measurements of the vibrational part, ${C}_{p,\mathrm{vib}}$, and determine the configurational part. It is found that there is almost no decrease in ${C}_{p,\mathrm{vib}}$ on structural freezing of the polymer melts, and the decrease in ${C}_{p}$ is configurational. An interpretation of the finding is that the curvature of the fixed configurational energy minimum in which a polymer glass structure is trapped and the associated anharmonicity have quantitatively the same effect on ${C}_{p}$ as the corresponding two sources when its melt explores a multiplicity of high energy minima and its volume changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".