Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article by F. C. S. Schiller to which Russell wrote the following untitled draft rejoinder was “Choice”, published in The Hibbert Journal 7 (July 1909): 802–12. Schiller’s article was in reply to Russell’s “Determinism and Morals”, ibid. 7 (Oct. 1908): 113–21. This article was, or just possibly was yet to become, section iv of “The Elements of Ethics”, reprinted in Philosophical Essays (1910), again in Paper 19 of Collected Papers 6, and now as 34 in Papers 5. Schiller appended his piece to the third edition of his Riddles of the Sphinx (Swan Sonnenschein, 1910), pp. 451–62. Russell's draft rejoinder is not included in Papers 5 and is thus supplied here.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.050 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.022 | 0.026 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".