Nanoparticle size reduction during laser ablation in aqueous solutions of cyclodextrins
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The femtosecond laser ablation of gold in aqueous solution has been used to produce colloidal gold nanoparticles. We consider the effect of size reduction through the use of aqueous cyclodextrin (α-CD, β-CD or γ-CD) solutions. Both the size reduction and the colloid stability depend on the type of CD, with the smallest, almost monodispersed and extremely stable particles prepared with β-CD, followed by slightly larger ones fabricated in γ-CD and α-CD. Several studies were carried out to elucidate the nature of the interaction between the gold and CDs. In particular, we studied the influence of pH on the size distribution and the electric charge of the gold particles surface. We examined the gold surface composition and determined the nature of the chemical groups on the gold. This enabled us to develop a model of chemical interactions between the gold and the CDs, which includes both a hydrophobic interaction of the Au<sup>0</sup> with the interior cavity of the CD and a hydrogen bonding of -O<sup>-</sup> groups, on the partially oxidized gold surface, with -OH groups of the CDs. These nanoparticles are of importance in biosensing applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it