ONE OF THE MILESTONES OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS: ABU YUSUF AND HIS ECONOMIC THOUGHT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abu Yusuf (729-798), was born in Kufa. He, who had be lived in the last quarter of the eighth century; is one of the most efficient personalities of Islamic Civilization. Abu Yusuf; within of Hanafi school who is the one of fiqh schools of the science of fiqh it has been created and developed by Islamic civilization; as he during own time was reached to the summit, at the same time, had created affect penetrating the centuries in the case laws. Under Islamic tradition; worships and transactions and at the other subjects, vastly his views apply. In particular, the case law on foundations in practice still continues. In lived period; made effort against for the most complex social, political and economic problems in the book and the Sunnah light, finding a solution, his was thanks to genius. "Kitab al Harac" is his most important work.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15238/tujise.201428094
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".