Numerical modeling of the radiation by a submerged fluid-filled cylindrical shell: Observation of the S0, A0, and A waves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We consider a submerged fluid-filled cylindrical shell subjected to an external acoustic pulse and analyze the structure of the field radiated by the shell into the fluids, both external and internal. We first propose a computationally efficient semi-analytical model of the interaction based on the Reissner-Mindlin shell theory combining some of the classical methods of mathematical physics with the finite-difference methodology, and then use the model to simulate the interaction. We demonstrate that the model accurately reproduces the wave structure of the radiated fields seen in the experiments for submerged evacuated shells, namely, both the symmetric Lamb waves S0 and the pseudo-Rayleigh waves A0. It is further observed that the internal and external wave patterns associated with the A0 waves exhibit the same alternation of the equiphase lines as the one seen in the experiments for a plate loaded by the fluid on both sides, a result that seems to be particularly relevant in the context of very limited number of experimental images of the radiated field for shells loaded by fluid from both inside and outside. Not less interestingly, we also demonstrate that the Scholte-Stoneley, or A, wave is also reproduced by the model, and we offer some insights into the non-observability of this wave for certain types of cylindrical shells reported in earlier experimental studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".