Welfare Reform, Institutional Practices, and Service-Delivery Settings<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 1996 U.S. welfare reform legislation promises to fundamentally restructure the ways in which local institutional practices and clients interact within welfare neighborhoods. Focusing on the neglected scale of the service delivery setting, I conceptualize the implications of federal welfare reform for institutional practices and examine actual institutional outcomes within the University Park neighborhood in Los Angeles. Employing a multimethod approach, I use descriptive and inferential statistics as well as qualitative case studies to seek evidence of change within and across three components: welfare reform as external burden and opportunities; welfare reform promoting internal reconfiguration; and welfare reform impacting service delivery settings. The overall results are mixed, with change concentrating in the first and second components, in terms of greater client and institutional need as well as superficial administrative changes. Change to service delivery settings manifested itself more subtly in the reallocation of resources toward mothers with children and employable clients and away from serving the difficult-to-employ and single adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".