Contribution of Visually Perceived Size to the Scaling of Fingertip Forces When Lifting a ‘Small’ Object
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of visually perceived size of an object on the scaling of fingertip forces during lifting tasks were investigated using a small and lightweight object. A grip apparatus was attached to the top surface of three different size boxes of equal weight. 15 healthy adults were asked to grasp the grip apparatus with the thumb and index finger, lift it to a height of 5 cm, hold it for 8 sec., and then put it down. Force transducers embedded in the grip apparatus measured grip and load forces. When subjects lifted the same size object repeatedly, there were no size effects on the grip and load forces used by each subject. When the size was pseudorandomly varied, however, the grip and load forces exerted by 7 subjects significantly increased with increased size, while there were no size effects for the remaining subjects (n = 8). These results suggest a smaller contribution of information on size to the force programming when lifting a small object than when lifting a larger and heavier object as used in previous studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".