Clinical issues related to depression in schizophrenia: an international survey of psychiatrists
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Depressive symptoms in schizophrenia are associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality burden. The 'International Survey of Depression in Schizophrenia' was designed to evaluate current awareness and clinical approaches in this area. METHOD: A 48-item questionnaire was distributed to approximately 80 000 consultant psychiatrists world-wide. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Respondents demonstrated considerable awareness of the prevalence and consequences of depression in schizophrenia. Although there was widespread adjunctive use of antidepressants, one-third of respondents indicated that they rarely or never prescribe these agents in combination with antipsychotic medication. There were considerable variations in opinions about the best approach to the treatment of depressive symptoms associated with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION: The considerable clinical burden of depressive symptomatology in schizophrenia was acknowledged by the majority of respondents to this survey. There was, however, little agreement on the best management strategy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".