Pathotypes of <i>Ustilago bullata</i> differ in response to temperature and salinity conditions during spore germination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The host range of Ustilago bullata includes important forage crop and grassy weed species that germinate and establish under a wide range of temperature and salinity conditions. Previously, two subgroups (pathotypes 1 and 2) were identified from collections across the prairies, which had no host species in common. When germination of teliospores from these collections was assessed, the two pathotypes differed substantially in the stage of development reached at 20 h of incubation. This study was initiated to determine if differences between the pathotypes were consistent and if they corresponded with factors affecting the host environment during seed germination and establishment. Individual teliospores from representative collections of each pathotype were monitored throughout the germination process over a 16-h period. Teliospores of pathotype 1 initiated germination much more quickly than those of pathotype 2, but the time required for metabasidial development and sporidial doubling was similar for both pathotypes. Four teliospore collections of pathotype 1 and six of pathotype 2 were assessed for percentage germination and rate of growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at temperatures from 15 to 30°C and osmotic potentials from -5 to -85 bars (1 bar = 100 kPa) on PDA amended with NaCl. Teliospore germination in pathotype 1 was more tolerant of high and low temperatures and high osmotic potentials than pathotype 2. These results are discussed in relation to the tolerance of U. bullata pathotypes to extremes of temperature and salinity and their adaptation to their respective host species in nature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".