Effects of Adrenergic Stimulation on the Choledochoduodenal Sphincter Mechanism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The object of this study was to access the effects of systemic bolus injections of epinephrine and of norepinephrine upon the sphincter at the choledochoduodenal junction in the cat and the dog. The bile duct was transected and the downstream segment was cannulated. Two methods were used to assess sphincteric activity. In method I the bile duct was perfused with Ringer's solution at a constant pressure and the flow rate of the solution was recorded. In method II the bile duct was perfused at a constant rate of flow and the terminal intraductal pressure was recorded. Intraduodenal pressure and respiratory movements were also recorded. There was a significant decrease in sphincteric activity following both epinephrine and norepinephrine administration in both cats and dogs, using both constant pressure and constant flow methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".