Single-frequency pulsed laser oscillator and system for laser-ultrasonics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: We present a new pulsed laser oscillator and system for the optical detection of ultrasound in materials. A single-frequency laser oscillator based on a pulse pumped Nd:YAG rod inside a ring cavity is proposed. The laser delivers single-frequency pulses of 35 W power. Power of about 1 kW can be obtained when the second rod of a dual-rod pumping chamber is used as an amplifier. Performance of the system is then investigated with a GaAs photorefractive crystal-based two-wave mixing phase demodulator. In particular, the intensity noise of the laser can be made low enough to allow the detection limit to be set by the shot-noise of the laser. The coherence length of the laser is about 20 m, which makes it a versatile laser-ultrasonic inspection system operated with a two-wave mixing based phase demodulator. A complete compact and affordable system is obtained when the second rod of the pumping chamber is used as a generation laser of ultrasound. Tests of this laser-ultrasonic system on metallic samples are presented. In that case the second rod of the pumping chamber is used as an ultrasound generation laser. Introduction: Laser generation and detection of ultrasound presents numerous advantages for material inspection and characterization over classical piezoelectric-based techniques [1]. In particular, lasers allow probing parts with complex shape in severe conditions, such as high temperature or parts moving at high speed on a production line [2]. A laser-ultrasonic system is typically made of two units, one for generation and another one for detection of
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".