Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: untreatable at present?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common acute optic neuropathy in patients aged over 50 years and results from ischemic damage to the anterior optic nerve. Proposed treatments for NAION presumably target thrombosis, blood vessels or disc edema or may have a neuroprotective effect. However, no controlled prospective clinical trials have shown benefit for any medical or surgical treatments. Most of the literature on the treatment of NAION consists of retrospective or prospective case series and case reports. IONDT is the only large multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial performed for NAION and it found no benefit for surgical intervention. There is a debate over the utility of steroids, both oral and intravitreal, and over the use of intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents. Similarly, therapies aimed at secondary prevention of fellow eye involvement in NAION remain of unproven benefit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".